Open Tuesday-Sunday, 9:00am-4:00pm – Ticket information

Heat Advisory: Due to high temperatures, the Madison Mansion may be warmer than usual. To help make tours more comfortable, we have reduced tour capacities. If you have any questions or concerns before your tour, please speak with a member of our Visitor Center staff. Thank you for your patience.

Friday, July 17: Due to wildfire smoke in the area, Montpelier is encouraging our guests to be aware of air quality conditions for outdoor activities today.

2021 Virtual Constitution 101

2021 Virtual Constitution 101 Archive

Constitution 101 takes a back-to-basics approach to learning about the U.S. Constitution – America’s defining promise. Consider both the complexity and simplicity of the world’s oldest written constitution, and gain a better appreciation of how Madison’s ideas, conceived at Montpelier, are the foundation for Americans – and, indeed, for billions of people around the world – aspiring to build a “more perfect union” with modern-day authors and scholars.

Purchase books by guest speakers and others in our online shop.

“A System to Last for Ages”: The Constitutional Convention of 1787

with Guest Speaker Stuart Leibiger

Stuart Leibiger is professor and chair of the History Department at La Salle University. He received his BA from the University of Virginia and his MA and PhD from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His book, Founding Friendship: George Washington, James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic, was published by the University of Virginia Press in 1999. He has written numerous articles on the Founders for newspapers and for historical magazines, journals, and encyclopedias, and has been a historical consultant for television documentaries and museums.  He has worked on the editorial staffs of the Papers of George Washington and the Papers of Thomas Jefferson. He has taught Teacher Workshops in sixteen states* and Washington, D.C. A former Organization of American Historians Distinguished Lecturer, he edited A Companion to James Madison and James Monroe, published by Wiley-Blackwell in 2013. In 2015, he won the George Washington Memorial Award, a lifetime achievement award for the study of George Washington given annually by the George Washington Masonic Memorial Association in Alexandria, Virginia. In 2016, he received La Salle University’s Lindback Distinguished Teaching Award. His book The Constitutional Convention of 1787 was published by ABC-Clio in 2019. (leibiger@lasalle.edu)
  
*Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Youtube video
from January 17, 2021

You Are Not American: Citizenship Stripping From Dred Scott to the Dreamers

with Guest Speaker Amanda Frost

Amanda Frost is the Ann Loeb Bronfman Distinguished Professor of Law and Government at American University Washington College of Law. She writes and teaches in the fields of immigration and citizenship law, as well a U.S. constitutional law. Her articles have appeared in the nation’s leading law journals, and she has argued cases before the U.S. Supreme Court and the lower federal courts.  Her non-academic writing has been published in The Atlantic, Slate, the Washington Post, the New York Times, USA Today, and the L.A. Times, and she authors the “Academic round-up” column for SCOTUS blog. Her book You Are Not American: Citizenship Stripping from Dred Scott to the Dreamers (Beacon Press) is scheduled for publication in January 2021.

Youtube video
recorded February 21, 2021

American Constitutional Creation

with Guest Speaker Jonathan Gienapp

Jonathan Gienapp is an assistant professor of History at Stanford University. He received his B.A. from Harvard University and his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University. Principally a scholar of Revolutionary and early republican America, he has particular interests in the period’s political culture, constitutionalism, and intellectual history. He is the author of The Second Creation: Fixing the American Constitution in the Founding Era (Harvard University Press, 2018), which, among other accolades, was awarded the Thomas J. Wilson Memorial Prize from Harvard University Press and the Best Book in American Political Thought Award from the Organized Section in American Political Thought at the American Political Science Association. He has also published numerous articles, essays, and op-eds on a range of topics pertaining to early American constitutionalism and interpretation, including especially debates over constitutional originalism.

Youtube video
recorded March 21, 2021

Online Lecture Series: Constitutional Toolkit

Montpelier & The Center for Civic Education to learn the basics of the Constitution in this series featuring lively discussion from scholars and practitioners!

Watch the entire series on our website.

Madison's Metronome

with Guest Speaker Greg Weiner

Greg Weiner, provost and vice president for academic affairs at Assumption University, is an expert in the political thought of the American Founding. A visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, he holds a Ph.D. in government from Georgetown University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Brown University before coming to Assumption. George F. Will has written that he ranks “among the most prolific and profound contemporary writers on political philosophy.” Weiner is the author of four books: Madison’s Metronome: The Constitution, Majority Rule and the Tempo of American Politics; American Burke: The Uncommon Liberalism of Daniel Patrick Moynihan; The Political Constitution: The Case Against Judicial Supremacy; and Old Whigs: Burke, Lincoln and the Politics of Prudence. Weiner has published and lectured around the country on such topics as the political thought of James Madison, the separation of powers, the presidency, constitutional interpretation, and other issues. He has published more than 20 essays in The New York Times as well as op-eds in The Washington Post. Before his academic career, Weiner was a political aide, consultant, and writer in Washington, D.C. for nearly two decades, including several years as communications director for Senator J. Robert Kerrey of Nebraska.

Youtube video
recorded May 16, 2021

Lincoln's Constitution

with Guest Speaker Daniel Farber

Daniel Farber is the Sho Sato Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also the Faculty Director of the Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment. Professor Farber serves on the editorial board of Foundation Press. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Life Member of the American Law Institute.
 
Professor Farber is a graduate of the University of Illinois, where he earned his B.A., M.A., and J.D. degrees.  After graduation from law school, he was a law clerk for Judge Philip W. Tone of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and then for Justice John Paul Stevens of the Supreme Court of the United States. Professor Farber practiced law with Sidley & Austin, where he primarily worked on energy issues, before joining the University of Illinois College of Law faculty in 1978. He was a member of the University of Minnesota Law School faculty from1981 to 2002, where he was the McKnight Presidential Professor of Public Law. He also has been a Visiting Professor at the Stanford Law School, Harvard Law School, and the University of Chicago Law School.

Professor Farber has written extensively about constitutional law and history. His books include Lincoln’s Constitution, Judgement Calls: Politics and Principle in Constitutional Law, and Contested Ground: How to Understand the Limits on Presidential Power (forthcoming Fall 2021).

Youtube video
recorded June 20, 2021

The Constitution of Virginia: Defining the Political Community

with Guest Speaker Dick Howard

Widely acknowledged as an expert in the fields of constitutional law, comparative constitutionalism, and the Supreme Court, A. E. Dick Howard is the Warner-Booker Distinguished Professor of International Law at the University of Virginia.Professor Howard is a graduate of the University of Richmond and received his law degree from the University of Virginia. He was a Rhodes Scholar at the University of Oxford. After graduating from law school, he was a law clerk to Justice Hugo L. Black of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Active in public affairs, Professor Howard was executive director of the commission that wrote Virginia’s current constitution and directed the successful referendum campaign for its ratification. 

Professor Howard has been twice a fellow of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, in Washington, D.C. He has served as president of the Virginia Academy of Laureates and has received the University of Virginia’s Distinguished Professor Award for excellence in teaching. James Madison University, the University of Richmond, Campbell University, the College of William and Mary, and, in 2000, Wake Forest University have conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. In the fall of 2001, he was the first Distinguished Visiting Scholar in Residence at Rhodes House, Oxford.


Professor Howard is the author of a number of books, articles, and monographs. These include The Road from Runnymede: Magna Carta and Constitutionalism in America and Commentaries on the Constitution of Virginia, which won a Phi Beta Kappa prize. More recent works include Democracy’s Dawn and Constitution-making in Eastern Europe.

Youtube video
recorded July 18, 2021

A Conversation

with George W. Van Cleve & William Treanor

George William Van Cleve is Dean’s Visiting Scholar, Georgetown University Law Center. He was formerly Research Professor in Law and History at Seattle University School of Law. He holds a PhD from the University of Virginia, and a JD from Harvard Law School. His earlier works include A Slaveholders’ Union: Slavery, Politics, and the Constitution in the Early American Republic (2010) and We Have Not a Government: The Articles of Confederation and the Road to the Constitution (2017). Making a New American Constitution was published in 2020.


William M. Treanor is the Dean and Executive Vice President of Georgetown University Law Center, and he holds the Law Center’s Paul Regis Dean Leadership Professorship. He joined the Georgetown University Law Center in 2010 from Fordham Law School, where he had been dean of the law school since 2002 and Paul Fuller Professor. He received a J.D. from Yale Law School and a Ph.D. from Harvard University, and he has published widely, with a focus on constitutional law and legal history. 

Youtube video
recorded September 19, 2021

Online Lecture Series: The Five Freedoms

hosted by James Madison's Montpelier, The Center for Civic Education, and the First Amendment Museum.

Watch the entire series on our website.

The Odd Clauses

with Guest Speaker Jay Wexler

Professor Jay Wexler has taught at Boston University School of Law since 2001. He earned tenure in 2007 and was awarded the Michael Melton Award for Excellence in Teaching at the law school in 2009. Professor Wexler’s scholarship focuses on church-state law, constitutional law, environmental law, and marijuana law. His articles, essays, and reviews have been (or will soon be) published in the BYU Law Review, George Washington Law Review, Georgetown Law Journal, Minnesota Law Review, Texas Law Review, Vanderbilt Law Review, Washington University Law Review, and William and Mary Law Review, among other places.

Professor Wexler is also the author of six books. His most recent volume, Our Non-Christian Nation: How Atheists, Satanists, Pagans, and Others are Demanding Their Rightful Place in Public Life, was published in 2019 by Redwood Press, the trade imprint of Stanford University Press, and won a 2019 Independent Publishers Gold Medal award in the Religion category. His current book project, which is under contract with the University of California Press for publication in 2022, is entitled Weed Rules: Toward a Just, Joyous, and Sensible Marijuana Policy in a Post-Legalization Nation. Professor Wexler’s shorter pieces have appeared in places like the Boston Globe, Huffington Post, McSweeney’s Internet Tendency, Mental Floss, National Geographic’s NewsWatch, Newsweek, Salon, Slate, Spy, USA Today, and Vox.

Youtube video
recorded October 17, 2021

The Choices of the Founders

with Guest Speaker Jeanne Sheehan Zaino

Jeanne Sheehan Zaino is Professor of Political Science and International Studies at Iona College. She is the author of several books, her most recent entitled American Democracy in Crisis: The Case for Rethinking Madisonian Government was published by Palgrave Macmillan earlier this year. Dr. Sheehan Zaino is also a political contributor with Bloomberg Television and Radio where she appears regularly.

Youtube video
recorded November 21, 2021

James Madison: America's First Politician

with Guest Speaker Jay Cost

Jay Cost is the Gerald R. Ford Visiting Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. He is the author of four books, including James Madison: America’s First Politician. He has written for numerous outlets, including National Review, The Atlantic, and the Los Angeles Times. He holds a PhD in political science from the University of Chicago. He lives in western Pennsylvania with his wife and two children. 

Youtube video

The Free Exercise of Religion

with Guest Speaker Jack Rakove

Jack Rakove is the William Robertson Coe Professor of History and American Studies and professor of political science and law at Stanford, where he has taught since 1980. His principal areas of research include the origins of the American Revolution and Constitution, the political practice and theory of James Madison, and the role of historical knowledge in constitutional litigation.  

Youtube video

The Constitution, The Presidency, and Leadership

with Guest Speaker Eugene Hickok

Eugene Hickok taught political science and law at Dickinson College and the Dickinson School of Law for many years before entering public service. An award-winning teacher, he has published numerous books and articles on topics related to the Constitution, the presidency, Congress, and the courts. His commentary has appeared in such publications as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, the Chronicle of Higher Education, and Education Week. He served as Pennsylvania’s Secretary of Education under Governor Tom Ridge and as the U.S. Deputy Secretary of Education under President George W. Bush. He has served as the Chairman of the Board of The Montpelier Foundation since 2020.

Youtube video

The Electoral College

with Guest Speaker Alexander Keyssar

Alexander Keyssar is the author of numerous books including The Right to Vote, which was a finalist for both the Pulitzer Prize and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize and won the Beveridge Award from the American Historical Association. He is the Matthew W. Stirling, Jr., Professor of History and Social Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.

Youtube video

"OMG WTF Does the Constitution Actually Say?"

with Guest Speaker Ben Sheehan
Youtube video

Ben Sheehan is a former award-winning executive producer at Funny or Die. His involvement in politics began in 2016 where he used digital videos to help register 50,000 new voters as executive director of Joss Whedon’s Save the Day PAC. In 2018, he founded OMG WTF (Ohio, Michigan, Georgia, Wisconsin, Texas, Florida) to teach voters about executive races during the midterm elections.

'Great as the Evil Is': James Madison, Slavery, and the Constitution

with Guest Speaker Quentin P. Taylor

Quentin P. Tayloris a professor in the Department of History and Political Science at Rogers State University. His books include The Republic of Genius: A Reconstruction of Nietzsche’s Early Thought, The Other Machiavelli: Republican Writings by the Author of The Prince, and The Essential Federalist: A New Reading of the Federalist Papers. He received the 2014 Scholar of the Year Award from the Oklahoma Political Science Association. Dr. Taylor earned his master’s degree in history and a doctorate in political science, both from the University of Missouri-Columbia.

Youtube video

Why did James Madison have a temple in his front yard? He didn’t come here to pray– it wasn’t that kind of temple. Maybe it reminded him of the ancient Roman temple where the “flame of Liberty” was kept burning. But what does “liberty” mean? Does it mean that you can do anything you want? Whenever you want? Of course not! Can you imagine a whole country of people doing whatever they want? Imagine how quickly things would get out of control!

Things were getting out of control after the colonies broke away from the King of England during the American Revolution. The new states didn’t have a good system to govern themselves. They needed a rulebook. They needed a constitution.

Enter James Madison. He read lots of books right here at Montpelier that gave him ideas about the rules that other countries played by, if they didn’t have a king. Madison went to Philadelphia and worked with people from many different states to write a Constitution. His ideas were so helpful that now he is known as the “Father of the Constitution.”

What does the Constitution say about who makes the rules? Instead of a king, it’s “We The People.” The Constitution gives citizens the FREEDOM to govern themselves, to choose their own leaders, and to make their own laws and rules. The Constitution also protects the people’s rights like freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press.

At first the Constitution didn’t allow everyone to participate in government, but over the past 240 years, Americans have made changes — things called Amendments– that let more people have rights, and vote, and run for office. Now “We the People” means just about “All the People!”

The United States Constitution is the modern world’s longest lasting Constitution, and many countries have used it as a model when they wrote their own Constitutions . And just think: it all began right here, on this plantation, Montpelier. That’s how Montpelier made its mark on the world!

Madison was the 4th President, but can you guess six other Presidents who came to Montpelier?

Madison’s best friends were Presidents 3 and 5. Maybe you’ll visit their homes, Monticello and Highland. Who were they? … Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe!

President Number 7 visited Montpelier in 1832. Someone in your family might have his picture right now – he’s on the $20 bill. Who was he? … Andrew Jackson!

Three other Presidents visited Montpelier after Madison’s lifetime. They might be harder to guess, but let’s give it a try.

President Number 19 came in 1878, and gave a speech in praise of Madison and the Constitution. In fact, his last name rhymes with “praise.” Any guesses?… Rutherford B. Hayes!

President Number 26 came to Montpelier on Thanksgiving Day 1907, when the duPonts lived here. A toy bear is named for him. Who was he? … Teddy Roosevelt!

And finally, President Number 41 came here in 1991 for the 200th anniversary of the Bill of Rights. His son was a President too. Can you guess? … George H. W. Bush!

That’s a lot of Presidents who made their mark on Montpelier. And today you’re here! Now you’re part of Montpelier’s story too.

Sometimes the people who lived at Montpelier chose to make their mark, but other times they were forced to make their mark. From the time President Madison’s grandparents came to Montpelier, it was a plantation––a huge farm–where enslaved people of African descent grew crops like tobacco, wheat, and corn and did many other jobs to make money for the Madison family. People who were enslaved had many skills and worked hard, but they didn’t get the benefit.

It was not only enslaved adults that labored for the Madisons, but enslaved children were also forced to do a lot of different tasks such as gathering firewood, helping in the kitchens, hauling water, cleaning stables, and… making bricks. Look at this huge house in front of you— each and every one of these bricks was made one at a time, by hand. On plantations, brick-making was often a task given to enslaved children. They pressed wet clay into rectangular-shaped molds. Then the bricks were left in the sun to “bake,” and once enough bricks were made they “fired” them to harden them. Have you ever pressed your fingers into wet clay? What happens when you do that? Your fingerprints make a mark. That’s exactly what happened here when enslaved people were making bricks to build this house. As you walk around the house, see if you can find any fingerprints in the bricks. These fingerprints remind us that nearly 300 enslaved people, of all ages, made their mark on Montpelier.

Since enslaved adults and children did most of the work at Montpelier, they didn’t have a lot of time for fun. What did they do when they did have a little time to themselves? Archaeologists found artifacts – marbles, doll parts, and toy wagon wheels – that tell us that enslaved children sometimes played with toys. Other artifacts, like musical instruments called jaw harps, tell us that enslaved people made music. Many of the activities that enslaved people probably enjoyed, like storytelling or dancing, didn’t leave artifacts in the ground.

The Madisons had much more time to themselves. Written records describe one of their favorite ways to have fun: parties.

Dolley Madison wrote about a barbecue picnic that she and James hosted on the 4th of July 1816. Ninety guests sat at tables set up on the lawn by enslaved people. Enslaved waiters served them roasted meats and punch, and most likely, fresh vegetables from the garden.

We don’t have a written account of what enslaved people had to do to get ready for that party, but historians found one written account that gives us a clue. In 1824, the famous General Lafayette visited Montpelier. A young enslaved maid named Ailsey Payne was there. Years later, she gave a newspaper reporter her eyewitness account. She saw so many horse drawn carriages she could hardly count them. Young enslaved men rode and led the horses. Enslaved people stored all kinds of food and meat in the icehouse. Ailsey Payne helped clean every inch of the House and shined all of the glass, silver, and china.

Ailsey Payne left her mark on Montpelier by telling her story! Will you tell someone about your visit?

Have you ever been asked to “sweep the floor?” Maybe it’s your chore to sweep up the crumbs that fall to the floor after dinner (if you don’t have a dog to do it for you). But have you ever been asked to “sweep the yard?” Archaeologists at Montpelier believe that enslaved people who lived here did just that! They used brooms to sweep away all of the grass and weeds. The ground would have been like a smooth, hard, clay floor.

Sweeping the yard cut down pests and unwanted creatures like ticks, mice, and snakes. It was a natural way of getting rid of pests that ruined food or caused disease.

The building in front of you was once a kitchen. Enslaved cooks labored here from long before sunup to long after sundown to prepare meals for the Madison family and their guests. They could build their hot cooking fires outside in the swept yard so that the work was more tolerable.

Except for the two smokehouses, the buildings here were homes for enslaved families who mostly worked inside the Madisons’ House. Their homes could be crowded, dark, and unbearably hot in summer. Having a smooth, swept yard allowed them to move many of their indoor activities outdoors. Imagine how busy this place would have been!

The ancestors of enslaved people at Montpelier had also swept their yards in Africa.They passed their wisdom along to their descendants. This is just one example of how enslaved people and their ancestors left their mark on Montpelier.

Do you have pets?

The Madisons had a pet parrot named Polly, but most of the animals at Montpelier weren’t pets – they were working animals. Horses pulled plows that made the ground ready for planting wheat or corn. Horses also pulled wagons, loaded with barrels of Montpelier tobaccos or wheat flour, to market in Fredericksburg and Richmond, and brought supplies back. Aleck was an enslaved wagoner who drove and cared for the horses. On one trip to Fredericksburg, Aleck had to borrow 50 cents to go to the blacksmith for new horseshoes so the horses could make the trip back.

Besides horses, there were cows and sheep and pigs at Montpelier. Some animals were raised for food. Sheep were also raised for their woolly coats. Enslaved women spun the wool into yarn or thread, and weavers like Reuben, Amy, and Harriet wove it into cloth.

James Madison wanted to improve the American breeds of cows and sheep. He bought some Merino sheep, because their wool was so good. A friend gave him some Devon calves as a gift, because they were a better breed of cows.

Animals made their mark at Montpelier – and so did the people who worked with them and took care of them!

How do we know what we know about the past? We can’t ask the people who used to live here— they’re long gone. We have to piece together clues from “primary sources”— letters, journals, diaries, paintings, and newspapers. History is kind of like a giant jigsaw puzzle— as we put the pieces together, a picture of the past emerges!

The very first people to live at Montpelier were Native Americans, or Indigenous people. They didn’t leave written records behind, but they did leave artifacts– objects that were made or shaped or used with their own hands. People who study artifacts are called archaeologists. Montpelier’s archaeologists have discovered artifacts that are about 2000 years old. That tells us that Indigenous people were here, thousands of years before the Madisons, or enslaved people, ever set foot on this land.

The Manahoac tribe were the native people living on this land just before the Madisons arrived here. Artifacts show us that the Manahoac made their mark by making their homes here for periods of time. The artifacts found near President Madison’s house, and near his grandparent’s house at Mount Pleasant–objects such as ceramics, stone tools, and projectile points— show us that the Manahoac thought these were good places to live too.

Did you know that there are descendants of Manahoac people living and making their mark in Virginia today? They are now part of the Monocan tribe, one of the 7 Federally recognized tribes in Virginia.

Some of the people that left their mark on Montpelier are buried here in the Madison family Cemetery. Can you guess which of these gravestones marks the final resting place of James Madison? It’s the tallest monument, and it’s called an obelisk. Today it’s easy to spot Madison’s grave, but if you visited Montpelier in the first 20 years after his death, you wouldn’t know where he was buried unless you were a member of his family. James Madison passed away on June 28, 1836, and two days later, he was buried here, in an unmarked grave.

Why would a president of the United States be buried in an unmarked grave? Today we usually place a marker at the head of a grave, but in the 1700s and 1800s people didn’t always do that, especially in a family cemetery where everyone knew where their family members were buried. If you count the gravestones you’ll find that there are about 30, but we know there are about 100 Madison family members buried here.

It wasn’t until 20 years later that people, outside of the Madison family, decided to place the large gravestone to honor the “Father of the Constitution.” Now, ready for a creepy story? Before placing the gravestone, a deep foundation had to be dug to a depth below James Madison’s coffin. “The boards placed above the coffin had decayed…and the coffin lid was slightly out of place…” so the men digging the foundation opened the coffin lid and “looked in upon the remains…” of James Madison!

Some people made their mark at Montpelier by leaving it.

Anthony was just 17 years old when he decided to make his escape from Montpelier. He had been enslaved here all his life, working in the Madisons’ house, and he was ready to take a big risk for freedom. James Madison’s father placed an ad in the newspaper to say that Anthony had escaped. The ad said that Anthony had light hair and gray eyes, and it described his coats, pants, striped overalls, hat, and buckled shoes. The ad offered a reward for capturing Anthony.

Anthony didn’t want to be caught, so he told people his name was Robert Jones. But one year after he escaped, Anthony was found, about 70 miles from Montpelier. He told the men who captured him that he had traveled to port cities in Virginia, to Philadelphia, and even the West Indies.

But the very next day, Anthony escaped again. He managed to get papers that said he was a free man named Billy Willis. There was a rumor that he was heading to Philadelphia. The Madisons never heard from him again. What happened next is a mystery. But Anthony left his mark by taking a big risk for freedom.

The duPont Family bought Montpelier in 1901 and made many changes to the House and the property. Did you see the racetrack on your way in today? You might even have seen some horses!

Marion duPont Scott loved horses and horse racing. She helped make Montpelier one of the most important horse training centers in America. When three of her favorite horses passed away, she had them buried here and put up these markers to remember them.

Perhaps her favorite horse was Battleship. He was so small that people called him the “American Pony,” but Marion DuPont Scott knew that he had big talent. She sent him across the ocean to race in the British “Grand National,” an important steeplechase race that is still run today. The race is over 4 miles long, and the horses have to jump 30 fences! Many people thought that a small horse like Battleship couldn’t possibly win, but in 1938 he surprised them all! To this day, he is still the smallest horse ever to win the British Grand National. You might say that Battleship left his hoofprints on the history of horse racing!

Marion duPont Scott left another mark on Montpelier. She wanted to share Montpelier and its story with everyone. Thanks to her, you can visit Montpelier today!

Lots of people made their mark on Montpelier. But there are two people you might already know: James and Dolley Madison!

How did James Madison make his mark? He was a Virginia lawmaker, a US Congressman, the Secretary of State, and our 4th President! (Not all at the same time.)

But most importantly, Madison was “Father of the Constitution” and “Architect of the Bill of Rights.” He didn’t write those documents all by himself, but he shared lots of good ideas that still help us govern our country. Madison got his ideas from reading books right here at Montpelier, and he made notes to take to the Constitutional Convention.

Madison could spend so much time in public service because his family had money from owning this plantation. The Madisons enslaved people who grew crops and tended animals. The enslaved people didn’t have much choice about being here, but their hard work made Madison’s career possible. The enslaved people made their mark as the “invisible Founders” of our country.

Dolley Madison made her mark too. James was shy and quiet, but Dolley liked to bring people together for dinners and parties, especially in Washington, DC. That made it easier for James to connect with other people in government.

As you explore Montpelier, see what else you’ll find out about people making their mark!

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